What is the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

Meiosis plays a critical role in sexual reproduction by generating genetic diversity through the creation of gametes, which are the reproductive cells (sperm and eggs in animals). During meiosis, a diploid cell undergoes two rounds of cell division to produce four genetically unique haploid cells. This process incorporates mechanisms such as crossing over and independent assortment, which shuffle the genetic material.

The significance of this genetic variation is foundational for evolution and adaptation, as it increases the variability in a population, which can enhance survival and reproductive success in changing environments. By producing unique combinations of genes, meiosis ensures that offspring are not identical to their parents, allowing for a broader spectrum of traits upon which natural selection can act. Thus, the correct answer highlights the essential function of meiosis in fostering diversity in sexually reproducing populations.