What is the primary function of lysosomes?

The primary function of lysosomes is to digest and break down waste materials and cellular debris. Lysosomes contain a variety of hydrolytic enzymes that are capable of degrading different types of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. This process is crucial for maintaining cellular health as it helps recycle cellular components and remove damaged or unneeded cellular structures. By breaking down these materials, lysosomes play a vital role in processes such as autophagy (the degradation of obsolete cellular components) and the turnover of cellular organelles.

The other functions mentioned in the options do not correctly reflect the role of lysosomes. For instance, synthesizing proteins is a function primarily associated with ribosomes, while providing energy through respiration is largely the responsibility of mitochondria. Storing genetic information is a role fulfilled by the nucleus, where DNA is housed. Thus, lysosomes are specifically designed for digestion and waste processing within cells.