What is the primary difference between haploid and diploid cells?

The primary difference between haploid and diploid cells lies in the number of sets of chromosomes they contain. Haploid cells have one complete set of chromosomes, which is denoted as "n." This is typically observed in gametes, such as sperm and egg cells, which are produced through meiosis.

On the other hand, diploid cells contain two complete sets of chromosomes, represented as "2n." This configuration is characteristic of somatic cells, which make up most of the body tissues in organisms. During sexual reproduction, haploid gametes from two parents fuse to form a diploid zygote, restoring the diploid state for the next generation of cells.

Understanding this distinction is crucial for grasping fundamental concepts in genetics, reproduction, and the life cycles of organisms. This difference in chromosome number is essential for processes such as meiosis and fertilization, which play significant roles in genetic variation and the continuation of species.