What is the main function of mitochondria in a cell?

Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because their primary function is to produce energy. They achieve this through a process called cellular respiration, where they convert nutrients, particularly glucose and fatty acids, into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. This process involves several stages, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation through the electron transport chain.

The energy produced by mitochondria is vital for a variety of cellular functions, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and biosynthetic processes. The ability of mitochondria to generate ATP efficiently is crucial for maintaining the energy balance in all eukaryotic cells.

While other organelles are involved in protein synthesis, detoxification, and genetic material storage, these functions do not represent the principal role of mitochondria. Their specialized role in energy production distinguishes them within the broader context of cellular activities.