What is the function of an aquaporin?

Aquaporins are specialized channel proteins that facilitate the rapid transport of water across cell membranes. They enable cells to regulate water movement efficiently, which is crucial for maintaining osmotic balance and facilitating various physiological processes. Aquaporins are found in many tissues, particularly in kidneys, plant roots, and red blood cells, where the rapid influx or efflux of water is vital for homeostasis and cellular functions. This function distinguishes aquaporins from other membrane proteins that may transport ions, sugars, or proteins, focusing specifically on water transport. Their structure is designed to allow water molecules to pass through while preventing the passage of ions, thereby preserving the specific transport role they play in cellular physiology.