What is a primary function of peroxisomes in a cell?

Peroxisomes play a crucial role in the cellular detoxification process. Their primary function involves breaking down toxic byproducts of metabolism, particularly hydrogen peroxide, which is produced during various metabolic processes. Enzymes within peroxisomes, such as catalase, convert hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, thus preventing its accumulation and associated cellular damage.

In addition to detoxifying harmful substances, peroxisomes are also involved in lipid metabolism, specifically in the oxidation of fatty acids. However, the detoxification aspect is what distinguishes their primary function in the context of the cell. While they do have roles related to lipid synthesis and, to a lesser extent, energy production, these functions are secondary compared to their key role in protecting the cell from oxidative stress and harmful metabolites. This detoxification function is vital for maintaining cellular health and preventing oxidative damage.