What factor ensures genetic diversity in a population?

Genetic recombination and mutations play a crucial role in ensuring genetic diversity within a population. Genetic recombination occurs during sexual reproduction, specifically during meiosis, when chromosomes exchange segments of DNA, leading to new combinations of genes in the offspring. This process introduces variations that can enhance a population's adaptability to changing environments.

Mutations contribute additional diversity by introducing new genetic variations into a population's gene pool. Although most mutations may be neutral or deleterious, some can confer advantages that allow organisms to thrive better in specific conditions, thus contributing to evolutionary change.

Together, genetic recombination and mutations create a rich mix of alleles within a population, providing the raw material for natural selection to act upon. This genetic diversity is essential for the long-term survival and resilience of species, enabling them to adapt to environmental challenges and changes.