What condition is characterized by high levels of cholesterol in the blood?

The condition characterized by high levels of cholesterol in the blood is hypercholesterolemia. This term specifically refers to elevated levels of cholesterol, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke.

In contrast to hypercholesterolemia, hypocholesterolemia indicates low cholesterol levels, which does not reflect the condition described in the question. Hyperglycemia pertains to high blood sugar levels, typically associated with diabetes, and hypertension refers to high blood pressure. Each of these conditions has distinct definitions and implications that differentiate them from hypercholesterolemia, making it clear why hypercholesterolemia is the correct choice for this question.