How do mutations contribute to evolution?

Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can generate new genetic variation within an organism's genome. This variation is essential for the process of evolution, as it provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon. When mutations introduce new traits or variations in existing traits, some of these may enhance an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. Over time, advantageous mutations can increase in frequency within a population, leading to evolutionary changes.

The role of mutations in evolution is critical because without genetic variation, populations would be unable to adapt to changing environments or selective pressures. This genetic variability gives rise to diverse phenotypes, which can impact the fitness of individuals in a population. As a result, the correct answer highlights the foundational role that mutations play in creating the diversity necessary for natural selection to shape the evolution of species.